Marine Life Captivity

What factors are most important to successfully raise marine life from birth/hatching in captivity?

Saturday, May 17, 2014

5/17/14

I went to the aquarium today instead of tomorrow so that I could meet with a staff member who would help me with the biostatistics portion of my Olive Rockfish project. I also spent most of the day bleaching my tanks and scraping off the dried hot glue.

Tuesday, May 6, 2014

Blog 19

"I, Felicia Stears, affirm that I completed my independent component which represents 30 hours of work.” 

My mentors Andres Carillo and Nicole Nakata, along with the staff of the Cabrillo Marine Aquarium, were my best sources. They really helped me complete my independent component. 

 A lot of the time I spent working on my trial 1 and 2 of my Olive Rockfish project. During this period I finished my trial 1, and began my trial 2, also participating in the young scientists symposium where I presented on my trial 1 findings to the public. I found that the Olive Rockfish fed smelt grew the most, both in length and girth, and the ones fed a mix of squid and smelt came in second and the ones that were fed only squid grew the least. 


Baby Swell Shark from the mane exhibit hall

Shore Crabs from one of the times I went down to the tide pools to collect them for the octopus.
What we think might be a nudibranch with eggs, not 100% sure

I found this little guy in one of the water tables, we knew it was a nudibranch, just didn't know what kind. So we researched it and found that it was a Flabellina trilineata.
Leopard Sharks from the mane exhibit hall
Two Spot Octopus from the Aquatic Nursery. The little white things you see are her eggs.
This is Olive Rockfish #7
Brittle Stars from the mane exhibit hall

California Spiny Lobster
This is from the night of the Young Scientist Symposium, I was stationed in front of the Fishing Pier tank to do my presentation.

Sunday, May 4, 2014

5/04/14

Today was an excellent day at the aquarium. ALL of my Olive Rockfish ate today, which totally made my day. Cody told me later that the other rockfish, the Splitnose and Flag juveniles, were to be fed three times a day due to the fact that their heads were growing faster than their bodies so they were being starved or something like that. So I made them a mix of Cyclopeez, Mysid shrimp and Krill..... they don't stop eating. Then, one of the other volunteers brought in a baby Swell Shark and it was so cute!!!!

Wednesday, April 30, 2014

Exit Interview

(1) What is your essential question and answers?  What is your best answer and why?
My EQ is what is the best way to raise oceanic fish in captivity? My best answer would be my third answer, which is an Aquarist must provide the correct diet for the needs of each fish throughout its stages of life. This is my best answer for many reasons. In my interviews with Nicole she was talking about diet a lot. She said that diet could really affect larval fish, especially in their development. She also explained to me the 'scale system'. This is pretty much the stages throughout a fishes life of what food they get. It goes in order from smallest to biggest food size: Rotifers, Artemis, Cyclopeez, Mysid Shrimp, Clam, fish, squid, etc.

(2) What process did you take to arrive at this answer?
A huge part of this process was from a research project I'm doing at the Aquarium. I am working with nine Sebastes serranoides, Olive Rockfish, to see how macronutrients such as fat, protein, carbohydrates and calories affect their growth in both length and girth. I was originally going to see how it affected their behavior and activeness but due to technical difficulties with the lab video camera I was unable to continue this part. The way this project works, my fish are fed twice a week (Sunday and Wednesday) and data is collected every two weeks on Sunday. Each fish is fed either 1 gram smelt, squid or 0.5 grams squid and 0.5 grams squid. To collect data I remove the pipe and planet that is their habitat and replace it with a 8x6'' grid that is held to the bottom by a jar. I will then feed each fish its assigned food using a feeding stick, careful not to let any not eaten material float between barriers. After feeding I will drain the water until the fish are 'forced' to sit flat on the bottom of the tank. Then I take photos of the whole fish with the grid. Next I will upload the pictures onto a computer program called ImageJ to calculate the length and girth. I have already completed my first trial and am currently in a second trial. I found that my hypothesis was correct, the fish fed only smelt grew the largest, the fish fed the mix of smelt and squid came in second and the fish fed only squid came in last. This project got me intersted in researching about diet. Another thing that made me realise how important diet was, was from an article I was reading called Commercial products for Artemia enrichment affect growth performance, digestive system maturation, ossification and incidence of skeletal deformities in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae. It was talking about how Sole larvae were experimented eating either enriched or unenriched brine shrimp, and the results found that the fish fed unenriched brine shrimp had skeletal deformities and malpigmintation in much higher numbers.

(3) What problems did you face?  How did you resolve them?
As far as research went, I was having trouble getting my stuby little hands on the artciles because most of the sites wanted me to pay for them. Of course I did not want to. So luckily for me, my first mentor Andres Carillo was very generous and said that I could email him the links to the article and he would see if he could get it for me, since he was a current student at UCI. I also went to the Cal Poly Library Database. That was honestly my hardest problem for this answer.

(4) What are the two most significant sources you used to answer your essential question and why?
My first and best source would be from my interviews/mentorship. I've learned so much from both and they have really helped me grasp topics that had once been really complicated for me like larval rearing. Just reading from articles and books did not give me a full understanding, I needed to experience it for myself. I learned how to prep food, how to find out how much to feed to each fish, and other skills. As for a printed source, I would have to say 'Commercial products for Artemia enrichment affect growth performance, digestive system maturation, ossification and incidence of skeletal deformities in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae.' This one really gave me a good foothold to begin searching deeper into this topic.

Sunday, April 27, 2014

4/27/14

Today was a full day. Collected my data again for my rockfish. I found out that my mentor is no longer at the aquarium because he's off working on his P.H.D. So I talked with another staff member and she agreed to be my mentor. I got to talk with another staff member to get advice on how I could improve my project for my fish. Later I did afternoon feedings, including feeding baby grunion out.

Sunday, April 13, 2014

4/13

Today was a data collection day for my trial two of my Sebastes serranoides, Olive Rockfish, project. Unfortunately I will be out camping this upcoming Sunday so i had to prep the food for not only today and this Wednesday, but for next Sunday and Wednesday as well. Then I took out the plants in my rockfish tanks and replaced them with the grids. All but numbers 5,6&7 ate. I've been having problems with 5 for the last few weeks because he has not been eating and has been pretty stressed. I am very pleased to say that 8 is eating with a vigorous appetite, so much so that I am beginning to wonder if just 1 gram of smelt is enough for him. He's always hanging around when food's about. The rest of the day was pretty uneventful, bleached three tanks and put five back into the tank shed.

Sebastes serranoides (Olive Rockfish)

Thursday, April 3, 2014

Blog 18

What is the best way to raise oceanic fish in captivity?

An Aquarist must provide the correct diet for the needs of each fish throughout its stages of life.

Sebastes serranoides that are fed 1 gram smelt will grow larger in both length and girth than those that are fed 1 gram squid.

-Conclusion from an experiment I did at the Cabrillo Marine Aquarium.

If the food given to larval fish lacks in nutrients, then it could result in death or deformities.

-Third Interview

Squid and fish are the favored food for Sebastes serranoides.

- Love, Milton, L. William V. Westphal. "Growth, Reproduction and Food Habits...." Fishery Bulletin. 1981. Web.

The diet of a fish has a profound effect on them. It determines their overall health, how big they get, how fast they grow, whether they have kids or not and if they'll grow up with a deformity or not.

Blog 16

Answer 2: By constructing the correct size and type of tank and habitat for a fish species.
Fact 1:
In an experiment conducted in 1992, Sebastes diploproa that were caught in drift vegetation grew bigger and healthier.

Shaffer Anne J., Daniel C. Doty, Ratmond M. Buckley, James E. West. “Crustacean Community Composition and Trophic use of the Drift Vegetation Habitat by Juvenile Splitnose Rockfish Sebastes diploproa.” Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol.123: 13-21, 1995. July 20. Web.

Fact 2: The photoperiod for fish in captivity can cause stress, in the wild there is the gradual change from night and day while in captivity it is sudden.

"Fish Stress and Disease Overview." FishVet. 2007. Web.

Fact 3: For fish in captivity, it is of vital importance that the aquarist/caretaker recreate the habit and environment of the fish to be as natural as possible.
In conclusion, habitat and environment are important for fish in captivity because it can really affect their stress levels and whether they live or die.

"Fish Stress and Disease Overview." FishVet. 2007. Web.

Wednesday, March 5, 2014

blog 15

For my Independent Component I plan on doing extra hours of volunteer work at the aquarium. I decided on doing this because I've learned most of my information from my experiences and just talking to the staff. I've learned about the importance of habitat, diet and how to deal with the public. I will meet the expectation of showing 30 hours by posting picture and keeping my blog updated.

Thursday, February 27, 2014

Blog 14

I, Felicia Stears, affirm that I completed my independent component which represents 30 hours of work.
My mentor Andres Carillo and the staff members Chris Bautista, Kiersten Darrow and Nicole Nakata all helped me complete my extra hours. They taught me how to clea tanks, how to prep food for fish, how to set up tanks and lots more.

This component helped me understand the foundation of my project in many ways. For starters, I learned how to set up my own tank. I had to first figure out how big of a tank I'd need, this I needed help from the staff and so we went back to the 'tank shed' and they helped me pick them out. Then I needed to wash them off, scrub and clean them. Next I had to go through the bleaching process where I filled the tanks up with water, poured bleach in them, let them sit, drain them, fill them up again, add some more chemicals and then drain them. Then I had to wash them out again. After this I had to measure the height and width of the tank so that I could figure out how big I needed to cut my dividers. I used plastic mesh as my dividers. Then I hot glued them in the tank. After this I moved them onto a water table. Then I had to set it up. I started by cutting lengths of tubing to make water and air lines. Then I attached airstones to 9 of them. Then I attached them and made covers for my tanks. Then I was able to fill them up with AQ2 (cold) water and put my Olive Rockfish in. This whole project with my Olive Rockfish has been really helpful because I've learned how to sort of take care of my own fish/exhibit. 

Part of my larger tank for my Olive Rockfish (before plants were added)

My failure at gluing the mesh in neatly

Olive Rockfish 8 when he was going through pigmentation changes


Red Abalone

Draining my Rockfish tanks to low levels to take pictures for Image J

Added Plants and shelter for them.



Segmented Worm under the microscope








lobster eggs I got to collect, this was really cool to do

Blog 13

Positive Statement:
I think I made time and that was good...
However, if I were to grade myself I'd give it an AP. I think I said 'um' to much, repeated facts over and over and made my presentation to dry. I think I could have done a lot better.... As far as for what worked for me, I'd have to say that my power point was okay. For what didn't work for me, I definitely need to fix my activity.People spent more time talking then they did on the actual activity and even though I gave them more than enough time they didn't really have an answer when I called on them.

Blog 12

  1. What is the best way to raise oceanic fish in captivity?
  2. How do you know how much food to feed each animal?
  3. If you have a new fish, let's say you don't know what it is, how do you go about feeding it?
  4. How do you guys usually identify unknown fish?
  5. What is the most common cause of stress for fish?
  6. Why is habitat important for fish in captivity?
  7. How does diet affect larval/juvenile fish?
  8. How does diet affect physical attributions, besides growth?
  9. Do you guys ever give your fish vitamins or supplements?
  10. How do you know what size tank a fish needs?

Saturday, January 18, 2014

1/18/14

Today was Saturday, I don't usually go on Saturdays but I'm going to be busy Sunday so I went today instead. So I started off with prepping the squid and smelt for Sunday and Wednesday feeding. Then I cleaned some of the tanks and prepped the kelp for the Red Abalone. I also spent time in the front, talking to the public about Abalone, Brine Shrimp and the aquarium in general. I always like working the front, it's nice talking with people and seeing the kids excitement to learn. I also got to help bag moon jellies for shipping, that was sort of cool.

1/05/14

Today was a data collecting day. I did the whole food prep, video taping before feeding, feeding, video taping after feeding, draining the tanks and then taking pictures and filling them back up again. Then I recorded my data and used imageJ. The rest of the day was the usual, cleaning tanks and feeding.

Thursday, January 16, 2014

Blog 11

1.   Where are you doing your mentorship?
The Aquatic Nursery at the Cabrillo Marine Aquarium

2.   Who is your contact?
Andres Carillo

3.   How many total hours have you done (total hours should be reflected in your mentorship log located on the right hand side of your blog like your WB)?
I need to update my log, but I've done 112 hours

4.   Summarize the 10 hours of service you did.
I did the extra hours of mentoring for mine. Most of it was dedicated to my Olive Rockfish project and working on my first answer. I learned how to make larval buckets, about the importance of brine shrimp, rotifers and algae and how to prepare food. I also learned different way to feed them. During my time I learned the importance of diet and how it can effect the growth of fish in their early development.

5.   Email your house teacher the name of your contact and their phone number confirming who they should call to verify it. 

Monday, January 6, 2014

Blog 10: The Holiday

1.  It is important to consistently work on your senior project, whether it is break or we are in school.  What did you over the break with your senior project?
Over break I worked on my Olive Rockfish project, learning how to collect my data and use the program ImageJ to calculate what I needed. I also learned about new types of feeding methods and what factors to consider to get fish to eat better under semi-stressful conditions. I also worked on my research, reading about fish behavior in captivity, feeding habits and about different types of tanks.

2.  What was the most important thing you learned from what you did and why?  What was the source of what you learned?
One of the most important things I learned would be to profile your organism. You MUST know what habitat it needs, what sort of nutrition it requires in its diet, how fast will it grow and its relative size. For example, let's take habitat. You should know the required water temperature, air flow, if it needs cover or not, gravel, plants, how big of a tank, etc. I learned this from research, my mentor and especially my Olive Rockfish project since I had to build my own tanks for that.

3.  If you were going to do a 10 question interview on questions related to answers of your EQ, who would you talk to and why?
I would talk to Andres, Kiersten, or Nicole because all of them are quite knowledgeable about my topic. They've all helped me a lot so far in my senior project and thinking of answers.

Sunday, January 5, 2014

12/05/14

Today I didn't need to collect data so I only had to feed my Olive Rockfish. Oh my gosh I find them flipping adorable! All of them ate well today except for Sellwood who ate NOTHING and P-51 who did not eat 0.6 grams of his food. Then I got to feed some of the leftover smelt and squid to the rockshrimp and other rockfish we have. The juvenile rockfish, we have Splitnose and Flag, seemed more than happy to wolf it down. They're really cute. Anyways, then we needed to make a sign for the Splitnose and Flag so I tried my hand at that. The drawings came out okay but my hand writing is pretty bad so Nicole said she could write down all the information on it. Then I did some cleaning and P.M. feedings. Oh, and in the morning I did jelly lab and one of the covers on the Sea Nettle tank fell in.... but the people at the desk were really nice about it and called in one of the aquarists to fish out.

12/29/13

I took my data again today, only this time it went a lot smoother and I actually knew what i was doing. And because I finished a lot quicker, I had time to actually learn how to use ImageJ. It was a lot easier than I'd thought it would be honestly. So with ImageJ I was able to calculate the length and girth of my olive rockfish. Now I'm taking the videos of them and making charts for each fish about certain types of movements in time increments of 10 seconds.

12/22/13

Today I did not need to take data for my Olive Rockfish so I just fed them each their assigned food. Otherwise I helped with a.m. and p.m. feedings, cleaning tanks, dumping barrels and prepping food for my rockfish for the Wednesday feeding.

12/15/13

Today I officially started my olive rockfish project. I went to the aquarist ally and got frozen smelt and a box of frozen squid. While the smelt was easy to thaw, just had to put it in a pitcher of water, the squid was not. I had to let it sit until it became soft enough to cut out one from the block. I actually had to have help with this because I wasn't really sure how to do it at first. Then I had to prepare them. I gutted the smelt and chopped the two up. I had to measure out 0.5 grams smelt, 0.5 grams squid and then 0.5 squid and smelt. Then I had to remove the plants from their tanks and replace it with my inch graphs. I had to be careful though because they jump when they're scared. After this I video taped each for one minute before feeding. Then I fed each fish their assigned food with a feeding stick. Then I took video footage again of each for one minute. Then I drained the tanks until they were low and took pictures of each fish and their graph. Then I filled the tanks back up fully. This all took a really long time because it was my first time doing this all. Andres and I decided that since my fish were bigger than we had originally thought they'd be, we changed the grams of food from 0.5 grams to 1.0 grams.

Friday, January 3, 2014

Olive Rockfish Week 3 Length/Girth (in inches)

  1. Ulrich Mohr
    Length:3.526
    Girth: 0.491
  2. A.V. Sellwood
    Length: 3.984
    Girth: 0.616
  3. Atlantis
    Length: 3.614
    Girth: 0.590
  4. Komet
    Length:3.674
    Girth: 0.581
  5. M-18
    Length: 3.757
    Girth: 0.569
  6. Tirana
    Length: 4.112
    Girth: 0.648
  7. B-17
    Length: 3.800
    Girth: 0.600
  8. T-34
    Length: 3.700
    Girth: 0.600
  9. P-51
    Length: 3.500
    Girth: 0.530

Olive Rockfish Profiles

These are the names of my Olive Rockfish, so in future posts if I call them by number or name you may refer back to here

  1. Ulrich Mohr
  2. A.V. Sellwood
  3. Atlantis
  4. Komet
  5. M-18
  6. Tirana
  7. B-17
  8. T-34
  9. P-51

12/08/13

Okay, so I've obviously been neglecting to post my blogs so prepare for the onslaught.Today I was supposed to start my project with the Olive Rockfish, but due to some complications I have to wait until next week. So instead I went to a bio-statistics workshop up in the library. This was actually pretty interesting and helped me figure out  how to interpretate and present my collected data. Besides that, it was pretty much a normal day. I did a.m. feedings, helped with cleaning and p.m. feedings.